Key Finding #2: Actuarial Tools Can Improve Decision Making Research suggests that assessment tools predict outcomes more accurately than professional judgment, including for decisions that are influenced byAnchorage. Jail Diversion/Court Liaison Program. R. Ct. C. Historically, these low-level offenders spent months in jail and when released, returned to the streets without treatment. MOTIONS, PLEADINGS AND EXCEPTIONS. SB 48 directed the Chief Justice to establish guidelines for pretrial release that direct courts to adopt a consistent approach that considers both the. pre·tri·al (prē-trī′əl, -trīl′) n. As required by statute, the annual plan is the local probation. The court, on motion or on its own initiative, may direct all parties to appear before it for a conference before trial. strengthen data collection. Learn how PTI can help you avoid a criminal record and resolve your case in a constructive way. 20. Chicago, IL 60608. D. As amended through October 3, 2023. (a) In General. 1. or Jacqueline Kuhn, Emergent Clerk, 609-815-2950 ext. Most states adopted language in their constitutions that explicitly guarantees bail. pretrial. This requirement may be waived by the court for good cause shown. CJA’s research staff is dedicated to data-driven innovations, policies and programs which reduce unnecessary impediments to pretrial liberty of individuals, including pretrial detention. (a) Generally. v. Rule 573. 00 administrative fee will be collected to retake the exam (single attempt). Box 1748 Austin, TX 78767. If the defendant is out on bail, it must be scheduled within 21 days of the initial appearance. Jail Diversion Substance Abuse Program (JDSA) Women's Jail Diversion (JDW) Alternative Drug Intervention (ADI) Office of Pretrial Interventions. This includes pretrial officers, risk assessment specialists, counselors and therapists, administrators and managers, and data analysts. ll To provide grants to States and Indian tribes to reform their criminal justice system to encourage the replacement of the use of payment of securedAugust 08, 2018. 38187. Avalon Zoppo. Payment Options: Cash, local check, money order, credit and debit cards (fee applies). TAX RATE: TRAVIS COUNTY ADOPTED A TAX RATE THAT WILL RAISE MORE TAXES FOR MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS THAN LAST YEAR’S. (a) Upon verified petition by the State, the court shall hold a hearing and may deny a defendant pretrial release only if: (1) the defendant is charged with a felony offense. previo al juicio loc adj. 38, par. Defendant’s Initials Pretrial Memorandum - Revised Form Promulgated by Directive # 23-17 (8/21/2017), CN: 11216 page 2 of 3 9. Rule 4-216. While you are. (a) Purposes of a Pretrial Conference. Rule 3. Failing to appear when on pre-trial release can result in additional charges, increased bail, and loss of any amount paid. Pay online with ePay. 01 MB) For use by parties with children. Georgeles, Operations Division Manager/ADA Coordinator - Warren. Finance Division. 3:28, see flags on bad law, and search Casetext’s comprehensive legal databasePhone: 859-292-6314. District Civil/Small Claims & District Criminal-Traffic: 8:30 a. App. a core responsibility of U. 833-500-5090. Drug Intervention and Community Service ProgramPretrial Release Order (9/22) Page 3 of 4 Case No. CJS also establishes and measures criminal justice performance measures, provides programs and services for affected community members, and develops initiatives that. (priːˈtreɪn ) verb (transitive) to train in advance Collins English Dictionary. Subdivision (a) (1) requires a pretrial motion to be in writing. 862-397-5700 ext. Email : Pretrialinfo@pts. "Final pre-trial conferences" will likely differ somewhat from county to county. Our goal is to provide a singular page that can be bookmarked and returned to whenever a pretrial specialist wants to fix. Phone: 804-318-8225. Community Forensic Services (CFS) Chris Burke, LCSW, LADC, Assistant Director. If the court directs, each party shall file not later than five days before the conference a written statement addressing the matters listed. (AP) — An appeals court Monday upheld a judge's decision to deny bail to a New Mexico man charged with attempted murder in the September shooting of a Native American activist during confrontations about canceled plans to reinstall a statue of a Spanish conquistador. Pretrial Justice Institute 200 East Pratt Street, Suite 4100 Baltimore, MD 21202 (667) 281-9141 The meaning of PRETRIAL CONFERENCE is a proceeding attended by the parties to an action and a judge or magistrate and held at a party's request or on the judge's initiative for the purpose of focusing the issues, making discovery, entering into stipulations, obtaining rulings, and dealing with any matters that may facilitate fair and efficient disposition of the case including settlement. a proceeding held by a judge, arbitrator, etc. (c) The Indiana pretrial risk assessment system shall be designed to assist the courts in assessing an arrestee's likelihood of: (1) committing a new criminal offense; or. For instance, the number of schools requiring targeted support and improvement rose from 113 to 368 over the last school year. (720 ILCS 5/32-10) (from Ch. PDF. 24 . This rule gives the district attorney of each county the option of requiring that criminal complaints and/or arrest warrant affidavits filed in that county by police officers, as defined in Rule 103, shall have the prior approval of an attorney for the Commonwealth. , before a trial to simplify the issues of law and fact and stipulate certain matters between the parties, in order to expedite justice and. Library. A pretrial conference is a meeting of the parties to a case conducted prior to trial. gov. pre-trial adj. (2) Information detailing any charges relating to theRule 3. Contact Us Request Public Records. In 2009, the population was estimated at 29,304. 15A-533 (h) is effective for offenses committed on or after October 1, 2023. , Monday through Friday. (1) Defendant in Custody. Note: PC 1001. Pretrial Diversion Programs . Accelerated Rehabilitation - Connecticut Judicial BranchThe Certification fee is $75. The pretrial services officer reports the information to the judge, so the judge can. During this time period, a pretrial services officer will gather information about the defendant through interviews and record checks. Formed in 1989, the goal of NAPSA is to provide Adult Protective Services (APS) programs a forum for sharing information, solving problems, and improving the quality of services for victims of elder. Sed eu rhoncus justo. Laura Duque. Pre-Trial Intervention Program Summary. The AOC is committed to aiding jurisdictions in sustaining fairness, justice and equity within pretrial justice systems using legal and evidence-based practices. Affidavit disclosing care or custody proceeding (OCAJ-1 TRC IV) (English, PDF 1. Back to Main Page / Back to List of Rules. Presenting arguments about what. . 32 FEDERAL PROBATION Volume 66 Number 3 It is not surprising that relatively few de-fendants for whom the primary offense charged is an immigration offense are offered. As amended through June 29, 2023. 658. Pretrial services programs are procedures in the United States to prepare cases for trial in court. Standard 10-1. >>Motions. Many are jailed pretrial simply because they can't afford money bail, others because a probation,. 31 (C. 1. 908-750-8100 ext. PTI includes specific probationary sanctions and requires repayment of any restitution. Mission Statement - Assist the Court in making custody release decisions by using evidence-based practices to provide timely, accurate, investigative reports and provide client supervision services that. 433 Bauchet Street. 201-221-0700 Vacant, Finance Division Manager. 2014, c. Any special conditions. Community service supervision (Probation) Collection of saliva for DNA analysis. gov. happening in or involving the period before a trial begins: 2. 1:20-cv-111This brief is for an asylum claim by a Honduran woman who faced death threats from a gang. CPOCF supports and conducts research, provides educational and training activities relative to the development of the probation industry. gov: Marnita Travis Major, Facility Commander [email protected] Division of Finance manages all aspects of the Court's financial operations including the collection of fines, restitution, child support, bail and fees which are due to government agencies and individuals. Inmates at each facility are allowed to have a single one hour visit each day, and a maximum of three visitors at a time. Ulrich Analyst, Statistics Division, Administrative Office of the U. por·trayed, por·tray·ing, por·trays 1. Probation and Pretrial Services Office for the Central District of California serves the Court by investigating and supervising individuals convicted of federal crimes. Sec. Even though the defendant pleads guilty or nolo contendere in a deferred adjudication. People who are detained pretrial are significantly more likely to be convicted, receive harsher sentences, and. Posted on May 2, 2022. Any responses collected will. Pretrial justice is the key to upholding accountability and ensuring public safety, a former prosecutor and victim advocate writes. pretreated or pre-treated; pretreating or pre-treating transitive verb : to treat previously : to subject to pretreatment pretreat the stain before washing pretreated the roads with. A proceeding held before an official trial, especially to clarify points of law and facts. The Pretrial Division conducts the initial proceedings in various criminal cases, as listed below, and is in session every day of the year, including weekends and court holidays. Ann Hermes/The Christian Science Monitor via Getty Images. Honorable Mary C. Sec. S. Pretrial is the time period after an individual has been arrested but before they have been convicted of a crime. pretrial, pre-trial adj. Houston rapper and philanthropist Trae Tha Truth's assault charge -- that stemmed from a fight involving Houston rapper Z-Ro -- has been dropped. Pretrial Services. The initiative is supported both. Probation and Pretrial Services staff around the country promote public safety and make a positive difference in the lives of the people they serve. As of June 30, 2021, the balances specified below, of the appropriations provided in the following citations shall revert to the balances in the funds from which the appropriations were made. Those who work in Kansas, on the other hand, reported an average salary of $60,110 in 2017. , San Jose, CA. Postal Inspection Service (USPIS), thanks to a joint investigation. Georgeles, Operations Division Manager/ADA Coordinator - Hunterdon. New Mexico. If you plead not guilty to the offense, a judge will decide what issues to address before trial. Diversions. According to the U. Rule 218 - Pretrial Procedure. A felony pretrial hearing is a meeting in court involving the defendant, the criminal defense lawyer, the prosecutor, and the judge. 2 - Pretrial Conference. 6163. An Algonquin man is facing first-degree murder charges in connection with the death of a man earlier this month in Elgin. 24/7 Automated Phone System and Customer Support. Explore leadership opportunities, suggest a program topic. Page 1 of 4 United States District Court, Eastern District of California POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT #2023-44 Position: Chief United States Pretrial Services Officer Location: Sacramento or Fresno, CA (The court will consider the selected applicant’s preference for a duty station assignment in either location)This new diversion law is Pretrial Judge-Ordered Diversion (PC 1001. Pretrial Services operates for the provision of defendant supervision established under the authority of the Pretrial Services Act ( PSA) specified in Section 19. The Division of Finance manages all aspects of the Court's financial operations including the collection of fines, restitution, child support, bail and fees which are due to government agencies and individuals. When an attorney files a motion, they are asking the judge to make a decision prior to trial. 32-10) Sec. Even with rising rates of non-monetary forms of pretrial release, New York City has. In any action, the court may order the attorneys and any unrepresented parties to appear for one or more pretrial conferences for such purposes as:2 days ago · QUINCY — The two adults facing multiple charges in connection with the October shooting death of a Quincy teen will be held in the Adams County Jail for the durationU. The law will go into effect in 2023. Rule 166 - Pre-trial Conference. A diversion program, also known as a pretrial diversion program or pretrial intervention program, in the criminal justice system is a form of pretrial sentencing that helps remedy behavior leading to the arrest. A prosecutor may file a motion at any time seeking the pretrial detention of a defendant for whom a complaint-warrant or warrant on indictment is issued for an initial charge involving an indictable offense, or a disorderly persons offense. . Pretrial confinement is physical restraint while awaiting trial or a hearing, it is often used in the military to make sure a service member does. Making motions for dismissal or summary judgment. Probation and Pretrial Services staff around the country promote public safety and make a positive difference in the lives of the people they serve. Section 58A. m. Anchorage Pretrial Office is for State Pretrial Office offenders sentenced up to twelve months. In January 2021, the Illinois legislature passed the Pretrial Fairness Act. By 2019, the overall jail population declined 45%. The Adams and Broomfield County Victim Service Officers provide assistance to victims when an offender is placed on probation. An appeals court has upheld a judge's decision to deny bail to a New Mexico man charged with attempted murder in the September shooting of a Native American activist during confrontations about a. Electronic Monitoring (ELM) / Alternative Sentencing Program (ASP): (214) 875-2282. In a Nov. An order of no contact is effective. 877-650-4249. Pre-trial motions are tools used by the prosecutor and the defense to set the boundaries for a trial, if a trial is going to take place. S. By Daniel Barnes and Ryan J. This premise is supported by federal and state constitutions. Your Social Security card. Provide accurate and timely information to assist the judicial officers in Harris County with making informed pretrial release decisions and to monitor defendants released on bond to promote compliance with court orders and court appearances, and to support public safety. anchorage@alaska. mailbox@njcourts. It should be based on community safety, not the size of someone. This is a restricted website for Official Court Business only. Fax: 606-739-5793. The Pretrial Services Department provides screening, supervision, and diversion services for both District and Superior Courts, and operates a Resource Hub to connect justice-impacted individuals. Annual Conference. The Pre-Trial Intervention Program (PTIP) is a program designed to educate, rehabilitate, and divert prosecution of certain offenders in the criminal justice system. verb pre· train ˌprē-ˈtrān variants or pre-train pretrained or pre-trained; pretraining or pre-training transitive verb : to train in advance School volunteers are pretrained before they. (1) Except as provided in ORS 135. -4:30 p. GENERAL PRINCIPLES. A motion is an application to the court made by the prosecutor or defense attorney, requesting that the court make a decision on a certain issue before the trial begins. In all cases in which the defendant is in custody, a nonadversary probable cause determination shall be held before a judge within 48 hours from the time. A federal appeals court has ordered a judge to reconsider his ruling denying a preliminary injunction that could have released people at the Prince George’s County jail. Sec. (a) All persons charged with an offense shall be eligible for pretrial release before conviction. Payment options: Cash, check, money order. 1 - Pretrial Release-Standards Governing (a) Definitions. Sed eu rhoncus justo. Fort Bend County CSCD’s Pretrial Intervention Program is designed to provide eligible offenders an alternative that will avoid the consequences and stigma of regular criminal processing. Illinois has a long history of pretrial reform efforts. Geographically, the district covers thirty-five counties from the Georgia border on the northeast to south of Naples on Florida’s southwest coast. Most often, pretrial RATs use information about someone accused of a crime to produce a risk score or scores that try to predict that person’s likelihood. FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried finds himself facing prolonged incarceration as the U. (a) Upon verified petition by the State, the court shall hold a hearing and may deny a defendant pretrial release only if: (1) the defendant is charged with a felony offense. Unless a hearing is requested, the judge may rule on the. A federal appeals court has ordered a judge to reconsider his ruling denying a preliminary injunction that could have released people at the Prince George’s County jail. Recommended videos The term “pretrial hearing” refers to a meeting between the parties involved in a legal dispute. Rule 4. Product update To provide a better experience, we need your permission to use data used for non-essential purposes including targeting of ads to. A bond is the amount of money set by a judge for releasing a defendant from jail before his/her trial. A statement released by the Public Education Department Tuesday, Nov. The New Mexico Court of Appeals affirmed a pretrial. portal@cuc. Illinois has a long history of pretrial reform efforts. Pretrial Release. In civil cases, pretrial discovery occurs when the attorneys of both. Court of Appeals for the D. DuPage County Judge Anthony Coco Friday. Phone: (408) 918-7900. Since CJA launched in 1973, we have worked to give every individual arrested in New York City an equal chance at release on recognizance, as well as the help and support they need during the pretrial process to fulfill their court obligations. To depict or represent pictorially; make a picture of: The painter portrays a typical country scene. Pretrial, also called pretrial conference or pretrial review, is a hearing prior to trial, which all parties involved in the trial attempt to determine the issues, laws, or facts matter, before the court trial. Pretrial discovery is limited to that which the judge considers reasonable and necessary. Stage 3 = DUI Trial. The Task Force will host regional education seminars across Illinois to overview pretrial justice and the implementation of the Pretrial Fairness Act (PFA), which is scheduled to go into effect on January 1, 2023. By clicking on the links below you can skip to the section your most interested in reading. Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition (ARD) Unit Designed to supervise first time, non-violent offenders. Pretrial detention, or keeping a person who has been accused of a crime in jail until their trial, is a common practice. Victoria Bluedorn. Pretrial detention costs $13. The pre-trial phase is the period after you are charged with a crime but before your trial occurs. )Washington — Federal prosecutors urged a Washington, D. The Illinois Supreme Court created the Office of Statewide Pretrial Services in August of 2021. Before any disclosure or discovery can be sought under these rules by either party, counsel for the parties shall make a good faith effort to resolve all questions of discovery, and to provide information required or requested under these rules as to which there is no dispute. Posted on May 2, 2022. 725 ILCS 5/110-2. Box 291 (mailing)Criminal Justice Services (CJS) consists of three programs: Pretrial Supervision, Local Offender Probation Services and the Domestic Violence Program. APPR is an ambitious five-year project to achieve fair, just, equitable pretrial practices that positively impact people, systems, and communities. Recycled rubber barriers and barricades, made from 95% waste tires, are an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to concrete barriers. Subdivision (a) (1) requires a pretrial motion to be in writing. This page gives attorneys quick access to resources they frequently use. Texas Office of Court Administration Research & Court Services Division courtservices@txcourts. pre· tri· al ˌprē-ˈtrī (-ə)l variants or pre-trial : occurring or existing before a trial a pretrial hearing Examples of pretrial in a Sentence Recent Examples on the Web The judge has. PRETRIAL MOTIONS . Fax: (408) 954-8507. . (a)Initial Case Management Conference. A pre-trial release is when a defendant is released before a trial. During this time, you have the option to enter a plea in response to the charges brought against you. blank RAF template provides a straightforward, standardized. If the State and Defense have reached an agreement for PTI, the Defense can: file the signed PTI Address Verification Form (copied to the State), file the appropriate PTI Proposed Stipulated Order [In or Out of Custody] (filled out entirely with special conditions and reporting date included)What is Pretrial Intervention (PTI) and how can it benefit you? This brochure explains the eligibility criteria, application process, and possible outcomes of the PTI program in New Jersey. Circuit on Monday grilled the lawyer in Donald Trump’s challenge to a gag order prohibiting him from publicly targeting potential witnesses. Burke@ct. It is presumed that a defendant is entitled to release on personal recognizance on the condition that the defendant attend all required court proceedings. Nov. gov . az. If you complete the diversion program, you can have your case dismissed. Pretrial monitoring, also called pretrial supervision, is the process of maintaining contact with people to help them follow the court-ordered conditions of release. Below we calculated the colors history of each of these testing colors over the last 90 days. 47°. S. The Pretrial Risk Assessment Information System (PRAISTX) is a web application developed by the Office of Court Administration (OCA) to support the use of the Laura and John Arnold Foundation’s Public Safety Assessment (PSA™). Depending on the outcome of the other pretrial motions regarding admissible evidence or the discovery of evidence against the defendant, the defendant may be able to file another motion to dismiss based on the new information. The Illinois Supreme Court created the Office of Statewide Pretrial Services in August of 2021. Westminster - 303-451-5555. STATE OF THE SCIENCE OF PRETRIAL RISK ASSESSMENT 1 FOREWORD Procedural fairness is the cornerstone of a criminal justice system that supports the guarantees of ourRead Rule 3:28 - Pretrial Intervention Programs; Guidelines for Operation of Pretrial Intervention in New Jersey, N. What are arguments in favor of the death penalty called? Retentionist arguments. Miami- Dade Corrections & Rehabilitation Department Headquarters. m. In addition to probation and pretrial officers, individuals from a wide variety of professional disciplines are needed, including specialists in IT, human resources, finance, and administration. 38, par. m. All emergent matters must first go through Jenna Kennett, Emergent Clerk, 609-815-2950 ext. Unauthorized use of this site is subject to prosecution under Title 18 of the U. Pretrial services programs are procedures in the United States to prepare cases for trial in court. Violation of conditions of pretrial release. Comment. At the pretrial stage, the parties notify each other of their claims and defenses and probe their factual foundations; at the trial stage, they or their counsel attempt to prove their factual. other than a forcible felony for which, based on the charge or the defendant's criminal history, a sentence of imprisonment. Pretrial is the time between a person being charged with a crime and final disposition of a case. Phone: 804-431-2054. pretrial, also UK: pre-trial n. Each motion or other pleading shall state the ground or grounds on which. m. Ct. 6 rioter who represented himself during a jury trial and advanced sovereign citizen arguments that a. m. 111. 15 Pretrial Officer jobs available in "remote Us" on Indeed. The Pretrial Case Management Office is located in Suite 102 of the Ben West Building. Learn more. 1. AOC. A “New Norm” For Pretrial Justice in the Commonwealth of Virginia—Pretrial Risk-based Decision Making 5 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to address unnecessary detention of defendants at the pretrial stage of the justice system. Payment Options: Cash, check, money order, credit and debit cards (fee applies). CEPP leads APPR in collaboration with. com for the most up-to-date hours. § 225. Pretrial Services is responsible for providing timely information to assist the court in making decisions regarding bond, competency, and treatment, and for promoting offender compliance with court orders and appearances. Adult Probation in Arizona. J. Stage 2 = The Pretrial Conference. 908-332-7700, ext. Preliminary conference; appearance of parties. gov Physical Address:About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. C. DAUPHIN COUNTY COURT MISSION STATEMENT. m. org For the Record Justice Denied: The Harmful and Lasting Effects of Pretrial DetentionThe role of Probation Division is to promote the welfare and safety of children, families and communities in New Jersey by enforcing court orders, supervising offenders, monitoring behavior, and intervening to produce positive outcomes. And yet, as the Court’s decisions enabled an exponential increase in the number of people detained pretrial, for those who are detained, the emptiness of these supposed protections is clear. Letty Moreno. The case will be evaluated in the judge's chambers and off the record. The U. District Judges (thirteen of whom are senior Judges), and eighteen Magistrate Judges. Welcome to Dauphin County Courts. Phone. Pretrial Services. Officer assistants. (before a legal trial) antes del juicio loc adj. If a case hasn t been settled, many courts set a time for an issue conference. 52614. DISCOVERY AND NOTICE. State reimbursement accounts for one-third of the total cost of probation in Illinois. 907. The Office of Criminal Justice Deputy Director / Pretrial Operations Chief. 1 Purposes of the pretrial release decision. WASHINGTON — A federal judge has rejected former President Donald Trump's request to strike references. Geoghegan, 12 Mass. ROLE OF THE PRETRIAL SERVICES OFFICER According to Monograph 111 (Supervision of Federal Defendants), "Pretrial services is the front door to the federal criminal justice system and has a unique opportunity to lay the foundation forE-Courtroom Information - District Courts. Finance. The judicial pretrial is similar to a crown resolution meeting, but held before a judge. Pretrial release. S. Court of Appeals for the D. The parties involved in the meeting may include: The judge or the magistrate presiding over the case. 903. About the Courts. Finance - Morris. S. Hedding St. Now, 10 years later, there is strong evidence that bail reform has succeeded in dramatically reducing the number of people in jail while maintaining community safety. (1) Initial Disclosure (A) In General. It’s been. Administrative Office of the Illinois Courts contains Supreme, Appellate and Circuit Court information, including judges, and the opinions of the Supreme and Appellate Courts. The Division of Finance manages all aspects of the Court's financial operations including the collection of fines, restitution, child support, bail and fees which are due to government agencies and individuals. >>Diagram of How a Case. We believe in a society that sees migration as a tool for liberation and prizes the dignity and humanity of all people. 210-335-8931. 3, a party must provide to the other parties and promptly file the following information about the evidence that it may present at trial other than solely for impeachment:CCCA/PSA Agency Directory November 2023 Page 3 Accomack/Northampton Community Corrections 23296 Courthouse Avenue, Room 107 P. 106 - Pretrial Release (A) In General. 01. The Public Defender represents eligible individuals at all stages of misdemeanor and felony criminal cases, and in certain summary cases, including pretrial identification procedures, preliminary hearings, pretrial motions, trials, post-trial proceedings, sentencing proceedings, probation and parole violation hearings, bail reduction hearings and extradition hearings. . Standard 10-1. Colonial Heights Office. – 5:00 p. Rule 3:4A - Pretrial Detention. 1700 Guadalupe Austin, TX 78701. m. Systems can differ depending on the department responsible. Research Summary . S. Driver's Licensing: Effective July 1, 2022, all driver’s license services have moved from the Offices of Circuit Court Clerk to the Kentucky. S. ( also pre-trial) us / ˌpriˈtrɑɪ·əl, -ˈtrɑɪl / Add to word list happening in or involving the period before a trial begins: Cooper failed to testify in a March 1 pretrial hearing. Commerce, CA 90022. APPD has developed well-monitored site placements with responsible organizations. Georgia may have more current or accurate information. Letty Moreno. To describe or depict in a certain way: The book portrays her as hardworking. 1. In 2013, New Jersey embarked on a bipartisan journey to reform its broken and punitive bail system. probation and pretrial services officers, along with investigation.